1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
|
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--[if lt IE 7]> <html lang="en-us" class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8 lt-ie7"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7]> <html lang="en-us" class="no-js lt-ie9 lt-ie8"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8]> <html lang="en-us" class="no-js ie8 lt-ie9"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 9]> <html lang="en-us" class="no-js ie9"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if gt IE 8]><!-->
<html lang="en-us">
<!--<![endif]-->
<head>
<title>Just-released Minecraft exploit makes it easy to crash game servers | Ars Technica</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
ars = {
"ASSETS": "http:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/themes\/arstechnica\/assets",
"HOME_URL": "http:\/\/arstechnica.com",
"LOGIN_URL": "https:\/\/arstechnica.com\/services\/login-desktop.html?v=1",
"CIVIS": "\/civis",
"THEME": "light",
"VIEW": "grid",
"MOBILE": false,
"PREMIER": false,
"LOGGED": false,
"ENV": "production",
"AD": {
"kw": ["security", "int"],
"zone": "int",
"queue": []
},
"TOTAL": 68014,
"UNREAD": 0,
"RECENT": [659465, 659425, 659391, 659203, 659339, 659209, 659151, 659207, 659257, 659153, 657603, 659157, 659089, 659105, 658987, 658981, 658367, 658019, 658841, 658609, 658117, 658553, 658455, 657769, 658395],
"LOGINS": true,
"CROSS": false,
"GEOALERTS": true,
"PARSELY": "arstechnica.com",
"COMMENTS": false,
"HOMEPAGE": false,
"COUNTRY": "us",
"READY": [],
"SHOW_ADS": true,
"IMG_PROXY": "https:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/i\/",
"CATEGORY": "security"
};
</script>
<!--[if lte IE 8]><script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/arstechnica/assets/js/modernizr/modernizr.js"></script><![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/arstechnica/assets/css/ars.min.55e632421d8225142fe8df15cdfe2a20.css"/>
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" href="http://feeds.arstechnica.com/arstechnica/index/"/>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/favicon.ico"/>
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/favicon.ico"/>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/arstechnica/assets/images/ars-ios-icon.png"/>
<link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/arstechnica/assets/images/material-ars.png"/>
<meta name="application-name" content="Ars Technica"/>
<meta name="msapplication-starturl" content="http://arstechnica.com/"/>
<meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="Ars Technica: Serving the technologist for 1.2 decades"/>
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=News;action-uri=http://arstechnica.com/;icon-uri=https://cdn.arstechnica.net/favicon.ico"/>
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Features;action-uri=http://arstechnica.com/features/;icon-uri=https://cdn.arstechnica.net/ie-jump-menu/jump-features.ico"/>
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=OpenForum;action-uri=http://arstechnica.com/civis/;icon-uri=https://cdn.arstechnica.net/ie-jump-menu/jump-forum.ico"/>
<meta name="msapplication-task" content="name=Subscribe;action-uri=http://arstechnica.com/subscriptions/;icon-uri=https://cdn.arstechnica.net/ie-jump-menu/jump-subscribe.ico"/>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
<meta name="advertising" content="ask"/>
<meta property="fb:admins" content="592156917"/>
<meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/>
<meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=1020"/>
<!-- cache hit 459:single/meta:b3538aec37c1a165d2b4b62bd58e56e3 -->
<meta name="parsely-page" content="{"title":"Just-released Minecraft exploit makes it easy to crash game servers","link":"http:\/\/arstechnica.com\/security\/2015\/04\/16\/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers\/","type":"post","author":"Dan Goodin","post_id":648287,"pub_date":"2015-04-16T20:02:01Z","section":"Risk Assessment","tags":["denial-of-service-attack","exploits","minecraft","vulnerabilities","type: report"],"image_url":"http:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/server-crash-150x150.jpg"}"/>
<meta name="parsely-metadata" content="{"type":"report","title":"Just-released Minecraft exploit makes it easy to crash game servers","post_id":648287,"lower_deck":"Two-year-old bug exposes thousands of servers to crippling attack.","image_url":"http:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/server-crash-150x150.jpg","listing_image_url":"http:\/\/cdn.arstechnica.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/server-crash-300x150.jpg"}"/>
<link rel="canonical" href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/16/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers/"/>
<link rel="shorturl" href="http://ars.to/1CSWnf5"/>
<meta name="description" content="Two-year-old bug exposes thousands of servers to crippling attack."/>
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/>
<meta name="twitter:url" content="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/16/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers/"/>
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Just-released Minecraft exploit makes it easy to crash game servers"/>
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Two-year-old bug exposes thousands of servers to crippling attack."/>
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@arstechnica"/>
<meta name="twitter:domain" content="arstechnica.com"/>
<meta property="og:site_name" content="Ars Technica"/>
<meta name="twitter:image:src" content="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/server-crash-640x426.jpg"/>
<meta name="twitter:image:width" content="640"/>
<meta name="twitter:image:height" content="426"/>
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@dangoodin001"/>
<meta property="og:url" content="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/16/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers/"/>
<meta property="og:title" content="Just-released Minecraft exploit makes it easy to crash game servers"/>
<meta property="og:image" content="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/server-crash-640x426.jpg"/>
<meta property="og:description" content="Two-year-old bug exposes thousands of servers to crippling attack."/>
<meta property="og:type" content="article"/>
<!-- cache hit 459:single/header:b3538aec37c1a165d2b4b62bd58e56e3 -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/arstechnica/assets/js/omniture/mbox.js"></script>
</head>
<body class="single single-post postid-648287 single-format-standard grid-view light blog-us">
<div id="container">
<header id="masthead">
<aside id="ad-top">
<div id="topBanner728x90_frame"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
ars.AD.queue.push(['topBanner', {
sz: '728x90',
kws: [],
collapse: true
}]);
</script>
</aside>
<h1><a href="http://arstechnica.com"><em>Ars</em>Technica</a></h1>
<div id="profile">
<!-- cache hit 459:header/site-toggle:f8ff57a97275618649c08b2cce8f06a6 -->
<ul class="site-toggle">
<li class="site-1 selected"><a href="http://arstechnica.com/?return">Ars Technica</a></li>
<li class="site-3"><a href="http://arstechnica.co.uk">Ars Technica UK</a></li>
</ul> <a href="/civis/ucp.php?mode=register" rel="nofollow">Register</a> <a id="login" href="http://arstechnica.com/civis/ucp.php?mode=login&return_to=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fsecurity%2F2015%2F04%2F16%2Fjust-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers%2F" rel="nofollow">Log in</a> </div>
<nav id="primary">
<ul>
<li id="home-icon"> <a href="/"><span>Home</span></a> </li>
<li class="has-children"> <a href="#">Main Menu</a>
<div id="main-menu" class="dropdown">
<div id="sections">
<ul class="cat-list">
<li class="top-row even">
<a class="cat-link" href="/information-technology"> <span class="cat-name">Information Technology</span> <span class="subheading cat-desc">Technology Lab</span> </a>
</li>
<li class="top-row odd">
<a class="cat-link" href="/gadgets"> <span class="cat-name">Product News & Reviews</span> <span class="subheading cat-desc">Gear & Gadgets</span> </a>
</li>
<li class="even">
<a class="cat-link" href="/business"> <span class="cat-name">Business of Technology</span> <span class="subheading cat-desc">Ministry of Innovation</span> </a>
</li>
<li class="odd">
<a class="cat-link" href="/security"> <span class="cat-name">Security & Hacktivism</span> <span class="subheading cat-desc">Risk Assessment</span> </a>
</li>
<li class="even">
<a class="cat-link" href="/tech-policy"> <span class="cat-name">Civilization & Discontents</span> <span class="subheading cat-desc">Law & Disorder</span> </a>
</li>
<li class="odd">
<a class="cat-link" href="/apple"> <span class="cat-name">The Apple Ecosystem</span> <span class="subheading cat-desc">Infinite Loop</span> </a>
</li>
<li class="even">
<a class="cat-link" href="/gaming"> <span class="cat-name">Gaming & Entertainment</span> <span class="subheading cat-desc">Opposable Thumbs</span> </a>
</li>
<li class="odd">
<a class="cat-link" href="/science"> <span class="cat-name">Science & Exploration</span> <span class="subheading cat-desc">The Scientific Method</span> </a>
</li>
<li class="even">
<a class="cat-link" href="/cars"> <span class="cat-name">All Things Automotive</span> <span class="subheading cat-desc">Cars Technica</span> </a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<aside class="drop-extras">
<style type="text/css">
#layout-swap {
margin-top: -6px;
color: #808f95
}
</style>
<aside id="layout-swap"> <span class="subheading">Layout:</span>
<ul>
<li class="grid active"> <a href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/16/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers/?view=grid"><span>Grid View</span></a> </li>
<li class="article"> <a href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/16/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers/?view=archive"><span>Article View</span></a> </li>
</ul>
</aside>
<h2 class="subheading notched">Site Theme</h2>
<ul id="theme-switch">
<li class="light active"> <a href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/16/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers/?theme=light"><span class="subheading">Dark on light</span></a> </li>
<li class="dark "> <a href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/16/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers/?theme=dark"><span class="subheading">Light on dark</span></a> </li>
</ul>
<div id="explore-ars">
<h2 class="subheading notched">Explore Ars</h2>
<ul>
<!-- <li><a href="/reviews/">Reviews</a></li> -->
<li><a href="/video/">Video</a></li>
<li><a href="/staff/">Staff Blogs</a></li>
<li><a href="/features/">Feature Archive</a></li>
<li><a href="/staff-directory/">Staff Directory</a></li>
<li><a href="/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="featured-disciplines">
<h2 class="subheading notched">Featured Disciplines</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/discipline/photography/">Photography</a></li>
<li><a href="/discipline/productivity/">Productivity</a></li>
<li><a href="/discipline/cloud-2/">Cloud</a></li>
<!-- <li><a href="/discipline/gadgets-3/">Gadgets</a></li> -->
<li><a href="/discipline/tablets-2/">Tablets</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</aside>
</div>
</li>
<li class="has-children" id="my-stories"> <a href="#">My Stories: <span class="unread-count">0</span></a>
<div class="dropdown">
<nav class="my-stories-nav first">
<h2 class="subheading notched">New Since Last Visit <span class="unread-count"></span></h2>
<ol class="new-stories with-numbers"></ol>
<footer><a class="subheading" href="#" id="more-unread-stories">See more news stories</a></footer>
</nav>
<nav class="my-stories-nav middle">
<h2 class="subheading notched">We Recommend</h2>
<ol class="recommendations"></ol>
</nav>
<nav class="my-stories-nav">
<h2 class="subheading notched">My Discussions</h2>
<p class="discussions disabled">Log in to track your discussions.</p>
</nav>
</div>
</li>
<li class="no-children"><a href="http://arstechnica.com/civis/">Forums</a></li>
<li class="no-children subscribe"> <a href="/subscriptions/">Subscribe</a> </li>
<li class="no-children"><a href="/jobs/">Jobs</a></li>
<li class="no-children"><a href="/feature-series/chasing-brilliance/">Ars Consortium</a></li>
<li id="search-container" class="right inactive">
<a id="search-switch" href="/search/"></a>
<form action="/search/" method="GET" id="search_form">
<input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"/>
<input type="text" name="q" id="hdr_search_input" value=""/>
<input type="submit" value=""/> </form>
<style type="text/css">
table.gstl_50.gssb_c {
top: 30px !important;
left: 0 !important;
width: 100% !important;
}
</style>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<section id="content" class="clearfix">
<!-- cache hit 459:home/toppost:f3fda06d4fb35e8aa360e369ff702613 -->
<h1 id="archive-head" class="subheading thick-divide-bottom">
<a href="http://arstechnica.com/security/"> <span class="archive-name">Risk Assessment</span>
<span class="divider"> / </span>
<span class="archive-desc">Security & Hacktivism</span>
</a></h1>
<script type="text/javascript">
ars.ARTICLE = {
"url": "http:\/\/arstechnica.com\/security\/2015\/04\/16\/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers\/",
"short_url": "http:\/\/ars.to\/1CSWnf5",
"title": "Just-released Minecraft exploit makes it easy to crash game servers",
"author": 329388,
"id": 648287,
"topic": 1280621,
"pages": 1,
"current_page": 1,
"superscroll": false,
"promoted": [],
"single_page": false,
"comments": 75,
"fullwidth": false
};
</script>
<article itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/NewsArticle" class="standalone">
<header>
<h1 class="heading" itemprop="headline">Just-released <i>Minecraft</i> exploit makes it easy to crash game servers</h1>
<h2 class="standalone-deck" itemprop="description">Two-year-old bug exposes thousands of servers to crippling attack.</h2>
<div class="post-meta">
<p class="byline" itemprop="author creator" itemscope="" itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"> by <a itemprop="url" href="http://arstechnica.com/author/dan-goodin/" rel="author"><span itemprop="name">Dan Goodin</span></a> - <span class="date" data-time="1429214521">Apr 16, 2015 8:02 pm UTC</span> </p>
<div class="corner-info">
<ul class="share-buttons">
<li class="share-facebook">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fsecurity%2F2015%2F04%2F16%2Fjust-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers%2F" target="_blank" data-dialog="400:368"> <span class="share-text">Share</span> </a>
</li>
<li class="share-twitter">
<a href="https://twitter.com/share?text=Just-released+Minecraft+exploit+makes+it+easy+to+crash+game+servers&url=http%3A%2F%2Fars.to%2F1CSWnf5" target="_blank" data-dialog="364:250"> <span class="share-text">Tweet</span> </a>
</li>
<li class="share-google">
<a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fsecurity%2F2015%2F04%2F16%2Fjust-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers%2F" target="_blank" data-dialog="485:600"> <span class="share-text">Google</span> </a>
</li>
<li class="share-reddit">
<a href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fsecurity%2F2015%2F04%2F16%2Fjust-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers%2F&title=Just-released+Minecraft+exploit+makes+it+easy+to+crash+game+servers" target="_blank"> <span class="share-text">Reddit</span> </a>
</li>
</ul> <a title="51 posters participating" class="comment-count" href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/16/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers/?comments=1"><span>75</span></a> </div>
</div>
</header>
<section id="article-guts">
<div itemprop="articleBody" class="article-content clearfix">
<figure class="intro-image image center full-width" style="width:640px"> <img src="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/server-crash-640x426.jpg" width="640" height="331"/>
<figcaption class="caption">
<div class="caption-credit"> <a rel="nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_panic#/media/File:Kernel-panic.jpg">Kevin</a> </div>
</figcaption>
</figure>
<!-- cache hit 459:single/related:1ad28a5dc0a24868be6b031b5fdecb2e -->
<!-- empty -->
<p>A flaw in the wildly popular online game <em>Minecraft</em> makes it easy for just about anyone to crash the server hosting the game, according to a computer programmer who has released proof-of-concept code that exploits the vulnerability.</p>
<p>"I thought a lot before writing this post," Pakistan-based developer Ammar Askar wrote in a <a href="http://blog.ammaraskar.com/minecraft-vulnerability-advisory">blog post published Thursday</a>, 21 months, he said, after privately reporting the bug to <em>Minecraft</em> developer Mojang. "On the one hand I don't want to expose thousands of servers to a major vulnerability, yet on the other hand Mojang has failed to act on it."</p>
<p>The bug resides in the <a href="https://github.com/ammaraskar/pyCraft">networking internals of the <em>Minecraft </em>protocol</a>. It allows the contents of inventory slots to be exchanged, so that, among other things, items in players' hotbars are displayed automatically after logging in. <em>Minecraft</em> items can also store arbitrary metadata in a file format known as <a href="http://wiki.vg/NBT">Named Binary Tag (NBT)</a>, which allows complex data structures to be kept in hierarchical nests. Askar has released <a href="https://github.com/ammaraskar/pyCraft/tree/nbt_exploit">proof-of-concept attack code</a> he said exploits the vulnerability to crash any server hosting the game. Here's how it works.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The vulnerability stems from the fact that the client is allowed to send the server information about certain slots. This, coupled with the NBT format’s nesting allows us to <em>craft</em> a packet that is incredibly complex for the server to deserialize but trivial for us to generate.</p>
<p>In my case, I chose to create lists within lists, down to five levels. This is a json representation of what it looks like.</p>
<div class="highlight"> <pre><code class="language-javascript" data-lang="javascript"><span class="nx">rekt</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">list</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="nx">list</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="nx">list</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="nx">list</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="nx">list</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="nx">list</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nx">list</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nx">list</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nx">list</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">[</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">...</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">...</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">...</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">...</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">...</span>
<span class="p">]</span>
<span class="p">...</span>
<span class="p">}</span></code></pre> </div>
<p>The root of the object, <code>rekt</code>, contains 300 lists. Each list has a list with 10 sublists, and each of those sublists has 10 of their own, up until 5 levels of recursion. That’s a total of <code>10^5 * 300 = 30,000,000</code> lists.</p>
<p>And this isn’t even the theoretical maximum for this attack. Just the nbt data for this payload is 26.6 megabytes. But luckily Minecraft implements a way to compress large packets, lucky us! zlib shrinks down our evil data to a mere 39 kilobytes.</p>
<p>Note: in previous versions of Minecraft, there was no protocol wide compression for big packets. Previously, NBT was sent compressed with gzip and prefixed with a signed short of its length, which reduced our maximum payload size to <code>2^15 - 1</code>. Now that the length is a varint capable of storing integers up to <code>2^28</code>, our potential for attack has increased significantly.</p>
<p>When the server will decompress our data, it’ll have 27 megs in a buffer somewhere in memory, but that isn’t the bit that’ll kill it. When it attempts to parse it into NBT, it’ll create java representations of the objects meaning suddenly, the sever is having to create several million java objects including ArrayLists. This runs the server out of memory and causes tremendous CPU load.</p>
<p>This vulnerability exists on almost all previous and current Minecraft versions as of 1.8.3, the packets used as attack vectors are the <a href="http://wiki.vg/Protocol#Player_Block_Placement">0x08: Block Placement Packet</a> and <a href="http://wiki.vg/Protocol#Creative_Inventory_Action">0x10: Creative Inventory Action</a>.</p>
<p>The fix for this vulnerability isn’t exactly that hard, the client should never really send a data structure as complex as NBT of arbitrary size and if it must, some form of recursion and size limits should be implemented.</p>
<p>These were the fixes that I recommended to Mojang 2 years ago.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Ars is asking Mojang for comment and will update this post if company officials respond.</p>
</div>
<div class="article-expander">
<p><a href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/16/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers/">Expand full story</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<div id="article-footer-wrap">
<section id="comments-area">
<a name="comments-bar"></a>
<div class="comments-bar"> <a class="subheading comments-read-link" href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/16/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers/?comments=1"><span class="text">Reader comments</span> <span class="comment-count"><span proptype="">75</span></span></a> </div>
<div id="comments-container"></div>
<div id="comments-posting-container" class="thick-divide-bottom">
<p id="reply">You must <a href="/civis/ucp.php?mode=login" class="vote_login">login or create an account</a> to comment.</p>
</div>
</section>
<aside class="thin-divide-bottom">
<ul class="share-buttons">
<li class="share-facebook">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fsecurity%2F2015%2F04%2F16%2Fjust-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers%2F" target="_blank" data-dialog="400:368"> <span class="share-text">Share</span>
<div class="share-count-container">
<div class="share-count">-</div>
</div>
</a>
</li>
<li class="share-twitter">
<a href="https://twitter.com/share?text=Just-released+Minecraft+exploit+makes+it+easy+to+crash+game+servers&url=http%3A%2F%2Fars.to%2F1CSWnf5" target="_blank" data-dialog="364:250"> <span class="share-text">Tweet</span>
<div class="share-count-container">
<div class="share-count">-</div>
</div>
</a>
</li>
<li class="share-google">
<a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fsecurity%2F2015%2F04%2F16%2Fjust-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers%2F" target="_blank" data-dialog="485:600"> <span class="share-text">Google</span>
<div class="share-count-container">
<div class="share-count">-</div>
</div>
</a>
</li>
<li class="share-reddit">
<a href="https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=http%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fsecurity%2F2015%2F04%2F16%2Fjust-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers%2F&title=Just-released+Minecraft+exploit+makes+it+easy+to+crash+game+servers" target="_blank"> <span class="share-text">Reddit</span>
<div class="share-count-container">
<div class="share-count">-</div>
</div>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</aside>
<!-- cache hit 459:single/author:ec67ae7d8397f22698e2822e36453902 -->
<section class="article-author clearfix-redux">
<a href="/author/dan-goodin"><img width="47" height="47" src="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/authors/Dan-Goodin-sq.jpg"/></a>
<p><a href="/author/dan-goodin" class="author-name">Dan Goodin</a> / Dan is the Security Editor at Ars Technica, which he joined in 2012 after working for The Register, the Associated Press, Bloomberg News, and other publications.</p>
</section>
<table class="post-links thick-divide-top thin-divide-bottom clearfix-redux" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="50%" class="subheading older"> <a href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/04/16/dozens-of-us-government-online-whistleblower-sites-not-secured-by-https/" rel="prev"><span class="arrow">←</span> Older Story</a> </td>
<td class="subheading newer"> <a href="http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/04/16/hidden-files-suggest-street-fighters-ryu-may-come-to-smash-bros/" rel="next">Newer Story <span class="arrow">→</span></a> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<footer id="article-footer">
<div id="instream300x255_frame"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
ars.AD.queue.push(['instream', {
sz: '300x255',
kws: ["blogvertorial", "inStream"],
collapse: true
}]);
</script>
<h2 class="subheading notched">You May Also Like</h2>
<ul id="recommendations" class="clearfix-redux">
<!-- cache miss 459:single/sponsored-recs:885d56085f538f75cf5e9bcb302f399f -->
</ul>
</footer>
</div>
</article>
<section id="article-sidebar" class="column-1 right">
<!-- cache hit 459:column/article-bottom:b3538aec37c1a165d2b4b62bd58e56e3 -->
<aside class="side-ad thick-divide-bottom">
<div id="xrailTop300x250_frame"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
ars.AD.queue.push(['xrailTop', {
sz: '300x250',
kws: ["top"],
collapse: true
}]);
</script>
</aside>
<h2 id="recent-featured-title" class="subheading notched">Latest Feature Story</h2>
<ul class="column">
<li class="post" id="post-658367">
<article class="in-column" data-post-id="658367">
<a href="http://arstechnica.com/apple/2015/05/03/review-the-absolutely-optional-apple-watch-and-watch-os-1-0/" class="headline-image"> <img src="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/DSC00588-300x100.jpg" width="300" height="100"/>
<h2 class="page-count subheading">Feature Story (7 pages)</h2>
<h1 class="heading">Review: The absolutely optional Apple Watch and Watch OS 1.0</h1> </a>
<p class="excerpt">A pragmatist's guide to a nice but not quite necessary gadget.</p>
</article>
</li>
<aside class="thick-divide-top">
<h2 class="subheading notched">Watch Ars Video</h2>
<article class="in-column">
<div class="column-video" data-player="2196096102001" data-video="4202322531001" data-key="AQ~~,AAAAlDCBGhk~,VcmqiTAuekrwPweJ20LLt7jwm8LxmhCE"> <img src="https://cdn.arstechnica.net/i/http://brightcove.vo.llnwd.net/v1/unsecured/media/636468927001/201504/641/636468927001_4202397654001_LG-G4.jpg?pubId=636468927001" width="300" height="169"/>
<div class="column-video-overlay"></div>
</div> <a href="http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/04/28/hands-on-with-the-leather-backed-lg-g4/"><h1 class="heading videohead">Hands-on with the New LG G4</h1></a>
<p class="excerpt">LG goes with a wild rear design and a Snapdragon 808.</p>
</article>
</aside>
<li id="in-the-know">
<h2 class="subheading notched">Stay in the know with</h2>
<ul class="social clearfix">
<li class="fb">
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/arstechnica"></a>
</li>
<li class="twit">
<a href="https://twitter.com/arstechnica"></a>
</li>
<li class="gplus">
<a href="https://plus.google.com/+ArsTechnica/posts"></a>
</li>
<li class="email">
<a href="http://arstechnica.us1.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=af7f013bad7e785d15aab736f&id=0adf3ee3d9"></a>
</li>
<li class="rss">
<a href="/rss-feeds/"></a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<h2 class="subheading notched">Latest News</h2>
<ol class="rail latest-stories">
<li>
<a href="http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/05/04/microsoft-bangs-the-cybersecurity-drum-with-advanced-threat-analytics/">
<h2>Protecting networks from your own employees</h2>
<h1 class="heading">Microsoft bangs the cybersecurity drum with Advanced Threat Analytics</h1> </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/05/04/windows-update-for-business-brings-windows-updates-to-your-business/">
<h2>WUB WUB WUB WUB</h2>
<h1 class="heading">Windows Update for Business brings Windows updates to your business</h1> </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/05/04/super-secretive-malware-wipes-hard-drive-to-prevent-analysis/">
<h2>INITIATE SELF-DESTRUCT SEQUENCE</h2>
<h1 class="heading">Super secretive malware wipes hard drive to prevent analysis</h1> </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2015/05/04/failed-christian-shoe-promoter-makes-anti-gay-first-person-shooter/"> <img src="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Screen-Shot-2015-05-04-at-2.45.22-PM-150x150.png" width="50" height="50"/>
<h1 class="heading">Failed Christian shoe promoter makes anti-gay first-person shooter</h1> </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/05/04/prime-minister-of-singapore-shares-his-c-code-for-sudoku-solver/">
<h2>#include stdio.h</h2>
<h1 class="heading">Prime Minister of Singapore shares his C++ code for Sudoku solver</h1> </a>
</li>
<li>
<a href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/05/04/9th-circuit-judges-rip-into-prenda-law-copyright-trolling-scheme/"> <img src="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Screen-Shot-2015-05-04-at-11.09.05-AM-150x150.png" width="50" height="50"/>
<h1 class="heading">9th Circuit judges rip into Prenda law copyright trolling scheme</h1> </a>
</li>
<div style="display:none">
<div id="polar195x130_frame"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
ars.AD.queue.push(['polar', {
sz: '195x130',
kws: [],
collapse: true
}]);
</script>
</div>
</ol>
<li>
<aside class="side-ad">
<div id="xrailBottom300x250_frame"></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
ars.AD.queue.push(['xrailBottom', {
sz: '300x250',
kws: ["bottom"],
collapse: true
}]);
</script>
</aside>
</li>
<li class="thick-divide-top thick-divide-bottom">
<aside class="side-ad">
<script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
// <![CDATA[
google_ad_client = 'ca-conde_arstechnica';
google_ad_channel = 'ars_technica_standard_a';
google_language = 'en';
google_ad_width = '300';
google_ad_height = '250';
google_ad_type = 'text';
google_encoding = 'utf8';
google_safe = 'high';
google_adtest = 'off';
google_ad_format = '';
google_ad_section = 'default';
// ]]>
</script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js" language="JavaScript"></script>
</aside>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
</section>
<footer id="page-footer">
<nav id="footer-nav" class="clearfix">
<div class="nav-section">
<h2 class="subheading">Site Links</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/about-us/">About Us</a></li>
<li><a href="/advertise-with-us/">Advertise with us</a></li>
<li><a href="/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li>
<li><a href="/reprints/">Reprints</a></li>
</ul>
<h2 class="subheading">Subscriptions</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/subscriptions/">Subscribe to Ars</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="nav-section">
<h2 class="subheading">More Reading</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/rss-feeds/">RSS Feeds</a></li>
<li><a href="/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="nav-section">
<h2 class="subheading">Conde Nast Sites</h2>
<ul class="conde-nast-sites">
<li><a href="http://www.reddit.com/">Reddit</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.wired.com/">Wired</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.vanityfair.com/">Vanity Fair</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.style.com/">Style</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.details.com/">Details</a></li>
</ul>
<form method="get" action="#">
<select id="mag_list" name="mag_list" onchange="(this.options[this.selectedIndex].value) ? (window.location = this.options[this.selectedIndex].value) : null">
<option value="" selected="selected">Visit our sister sites</option>
<option value="">- - - - - - - - - - - - - -</option>
<option value="http://www.gq.com">GQ</option>
<option value="http://www.concierge.com">Concierge</option>
<option value="http://www.epicurious.com">Epicurious</option>
<option value="http://men.style.com">Men.Style.com</option>
<option value="http://www.style.com">Style.com</option>
<option value="http://www.wired.com">Wired.com</option>
<option value="http://www.lipstick.com">Lipstick.com</option>
<option value="http://www.nutritiondata.com">NutritionData</option>
<option value="http://www.allure.com">Allure</option>
<option value="http://www.architecturaldigest.com">Architectural Digest</option>
<option value="http://www.bonappetit.com">Bon Appétit</option>
<option value="http://www.brides.com">Brides</option>
<option value="http://www.portfolio.com">Condé Nast Portfolio</option>
<option value="http://www.glamour.com">Glamour</option>
<option value="http://www.golfdigest.com">Golf Digest</option>
<option value="http://www.golfworld.com">Golf World</option>
<option value="http://www.luckymag.com">Lucky</option>
<option value="http://www.self.com">Self</option>
<option value="http://www.teenvogue.com">Teen Vogue</option>
<option value="http://www.newyorker.com">The New Yorker</option>
<option value="http://www.vanityfair.com">Vanity Fair</option>
<option value="http://www.wmagazine.com">W</option>
</select>
</form>
<form method="get" action="#">
<select size="1" id="sub_list" name="sub_list" onchange="(this.options[this.selectedIndex].value) ? (window.location = this.options[this.selectedIndex].value) : null">
<option value="" selected="selected">Subscribe to a magazine</option>
<option value="http://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com?source=univdropdown">View All Titles</option>
<option value="">- - - - - - - - - - - - - -</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_Allure?source=SITEFOOTER">Allure</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_ArchitecturalDigest">Architectural Digest</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_BonAppetite?source=SITEFOOTER">Bon Appétit</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_Brides?source=SITEFOOTER">Brides</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_CondeNastPortfolio?source=SITEFOOTER">Condé Nast Portfolio</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_CondeNastTraveler?source=SITEFOOTER">Condé Nast Traveler</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_Details?source=SITEFOOTER">Details</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_ElegantBride?source=SITEFOOTER">Elegant Bride</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_Glamour?source=SITEFOOTER">Glamour</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_GolfDigest?source=SITEFOOTER">Golf Digest</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_GolfWorld?source=SITEFOOTER">Golf World</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_GQ?source=SITEFOOTER">GQ</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_Lucky?source=SITEFOOTER">Lucky</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_ModernBride?source=SITEFOOTER">Modern Bride</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_Self?source=SITEFOOTER">Self</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_TeenVogue?source=SITEFOOTER">Teen Vogue</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_NewYorker?source=SITEFOOTER">The New Yorker</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_VanityFair?source=SITEFOOTER">Vanity Fair</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_Vogue?source=SITEFOOTER">Vogue</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_W?source=SITEFOOTER">W</option>
<option value="https://www.magazinestoresubscriptions.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Subscriptions_Wired?source=SITEFOOTER">Wired</option>
</select>
</form>
</div>
<div class="nav-section" id="mobile-site">
<h2 class="subheading"><a href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/04/16/just-released-minecraft-exploit-makes-it-easy-to-crash-game-servers/?view=mobile">View Mobile Site</a></h2> </div>
</nav>
<p style="text-align:center;margin-top:30px;margin-bottom:0">
<a href="http://condenast.com"><img src="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/arstechnica/assets/images/condenast-logo.png" width="131" height="19"/></a>
</p>
<div id="copyright-terms"> © 2015 Condé Nast. All rights reserved
<br/> Use of this Site constitutes acceptance of our <a href="http://www.condenast.com/privacy-policy" target="_blank">User Agreement</a> (effective 1/2/14) and <a href="http://www.condenast.com/privacy-policy#privacypolicy" target="_blank">Privacy Policy</a> (effective 1/2/14), and <a href="/amendment-to-conde-nast-user-agreement-privacy-policy/">Ars Technica Addendum (effective 5/17/2012)</a>
<br/> <a href="http://www.condenast.com/privacy-policy#privacypolicy-california" target="_blank">Your California Privacy Rights</a>
<br/> The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Condé Nast.
<br/>
<br/> <a href="http://www.condenast.com/privacy-policy#privacypolicy-optout" target="_blank">Ad Choices</a><img width="10" height="10" border="0" src="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/arstechnica/assets/images/ad_choices_arrow.png"/> </div>
</footer>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="//www.google.com/jsapi?autoload={'modules':[{'name':'search','version':'1','packages':[],'language':'en'}]}"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/themes/arstechnica/assets/js/ars.min.4963c9cfd2e7a5799f3b8c40325988b4.js"></script>
<!-- what the christ -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="//www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://cdn.arstechnica.net/ads/js/cn.dart.bun.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
(function() {
if ("CN" in window) {
if (ars.MOBILE && "UAParser" in window) {
var ua = new UAParser();
if (ua.getOS().name == "Android" && ua.getBrowser().name == "Chrome") {
return;
}
}
CN.site.init({
code: "ars",
title: "Ars",
name: ars.MOBILE ? "ars.mobile" : "ars",
env: ars.ENV === "production" ? "PROD" : "DEV",
debug: ars.ENV !== "production"
});
CN.dart.init({
site: CN.site.name + '.dart',
zone: ars.AD.zone,
kws: ars.AD.kw,
gptCallback: function(e) {
ars.sda.ad_loaded(e);
}
});
CN.dart.getCommon()["domDelay"]["defaultVal"] = 100;
for (var i = 0; i < ars.AD.queue.length; i++) {
var ad = ars.AD.queue[i],
id = ad[0],
args = ad[1];
if ($('#' + id + args.sz + "_frame").length) CN.dart.call(id, args);
}
ars.AD.queue = [];
}
})();
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
CN.ad.polar.article = function(Handlebars, depth0, helpers, partials, data) {
this.compilerInfo = [4, '>= 1.0.0'];
helpers = this.merge(helpers, Handlebars.helpers);
data = data || {};
var buffer = "",
stack1, stack2, functionType = "function",
escapeExpression = this.escapeExpression,
self = this;
function program1(depth0, data) {
var buffer = "",
stack1;
buffer += "\n <span style=\"width:50px; height:50px; overflow:hidden; display:inline-block; float:left; margin:2px 10px 5px 0\">\n <img src=\"" + escapeExpression(((stack1 = ((stack1 = depth0.image), stack1 == null || stack1 === false ? stack1 : stack1.href)), typeof stack1 === functionType ? stack1.apply(depth0) : stack1)) + "\" style=\"float:none; margin:0; height:50px; width:auto;\" />\n </span>\n ";
return buffer;
}
buffer += "<li>\n <a href=\"";
if (stack1 = helpers.link) {
stack1 = stack1.call(depth0, {
hash: {},
data: data
});
} else {
stack1 = depth0.link;
stack1 = typeof stack1 === functionType ? stack1.apply(depth0) : stack1;
}
buffer += escapeExpression(stack1) + "\">\n <h2 style=\"color:#00A3D3;\">Sponsored by: <span style=\"text-transform:none;\">" + escapeExpression(((stack1 = ((stack1 = depth0.sponsor), stack1 == null || stack1 === false ? stack1 : stack1.name)), typeof stack1 === functionType ? stack1.apply(depth0) : stack1)) + "</span></h2>\n ";
stack2 = helpers['if'].call(depth0, ((stack1 = depth0.image), stack1 == null || stack1 === false ? stack1 : stack1.href), {
hash: {},
inverse: self.noop,
fn: self.program(1, program1, data),
data: data
});
if (stack2 || stack2 === 0) {
buffer += stack2;
}
buffer += "\n <h1 class=\"heading\">";
if (stack2 = helpers.title) {
stack2 = stack2.call(depth0, {
hash: {},
data: data
});
} else {
stack2 = depth0.title;
stack2 = typeof stack2 === functionType ? stack2.apply(depth0) : stack2;
}
buffer += escapeExpression(stack2) + "</h1>\n </a>\n</li>";
return buffer;
};
</script>
<!-- cache hit 459:single/javascript-footer:1ad28a5dc0a24868be6b031b5fdecb2e -->
<noscript>
<a href="http://www.omniture.com" title="Web Analytics"><img src="http://condenast.112.2o7.net/b/ss/condenet-dev/1/H.15.1--NS/0" height="1" width="1" border="0" alt="" /></a>
</noscript>
<!-- Google Analytics start -->
<script type="text/javascript">
var _gaq = _gaq || [];
_gaq.push(
['_setAccount', 'UA-31997-1'], ['_setCustomVar', 1, 'view', "grid"], ['_setCustomVar', 2, 'theme', "light"], ['_setCustomVar', 3, 'logged_in', "false"], ['_setCustomVar', 4, 'show_comments', "false"], ['_setCustomVar', 5, 'is_premier', "false"], ['_trackPageview']);
(function() {
var ga = document.createElement('script');
ga.type = 'text/javascript';
ga.async = true;
ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);
})();
</script>
<!-- Google Analytics end -->
<!-- Parse.ly start -->
<script type="text/javascript">
(function(d) {
var site = "arstechnica.com",
b = d.body,
e = d.createElement("div");
e.innerHTML = '<span id="parsely-cfg" data-parsely-site="' + site + '"></span>';
e.id = "parsely-root";
e.style.display = "none";
b.appendChild(e);
})(document);
(function(s, p, d) {
var h = d.location.protocol,
i = p + "-" + s,
e = d.getElementById(i),
r = d.getElementById(p + "-root"),
u = h === "https:" ? "d1z2jf7jlzjs58.cloudfront.net" : "static." + p + ".com";
if (e) return;
e = d.createElement(s);
e.id = i;
e.async = true;
e.src = h + "//" + u + "/p.js";
r.appendChild(e);
})("script", "parsely", document);
</script>
<!-- Parse.ly end -->
</body>
</html>
|
