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diff --git a/vendor/fivefilters/readability.php/test/test-pages/002/source.html b/vendor/fivefilters/readability.php/test/test-pages/002/source.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..48befba --- /dev/null +++ b/vendor/fivefilters/readability.php/test/test-pages/002/source.html @@ -0,0 +1,1131 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html> +<html lang="en-US" id="hacks-mozilla-org"> + + <head> + <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/> + <meta charset="UTF-8"/> + <!-- OpenGraph metadata --> + <meta property="og:site_name" content="Mozilla Hacks – the Web developer blog"/> + <meta property="og:title" content="This API is so Fetching!"/> + <meta property="og:url" content="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2015/03/this-api-is-so-fetching/"/> + <meta property="og:description" content="For more than a decade the Web has used XMLHttpRequest (XHR) to achieve asynchronous requests in JavaScript. 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While very useful, XHR is not a very + nice API. It suffers from lack of separation of concerns. The input, output + and state are all managed by interacting with one object, and state is + tracked using events. Also, the event-based model doesn’t play well with + JavaScript’s recent focus on Promise- and generator-based asynchronous + programming.</p> + <p>The <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fetch_API">Fetch API</a> intends + to fix most of these problems. It does this by introducing the same primitives + to JS that are used in the HTTP protocol. In addition, it introduces a + utility function <code>fetch()</code> that succinctly captures the intention + of retrieving a resource from the network.</p> + <p>The <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org">Fetch specification</a>, which + defines the API, nails down the semantics of a user agent fetching a resource. + This, combined with ServiceWorkers, is an attempt to:</p> + <ol> + <li>Improve the offline experience.</li> + <li>Expose the building blocks of the Web to the platform as part of the + <a + href="https://extensiblewebmanifesto.org/">extensible web movement</a>.</li> + </ol> + <p>As of this writing, the Fetch API is available in Firefox 39 (currently + Nightly) and Chrome 42 (currently dev). Github has a <a href="https://github.com/github/fetch">Fetch polyfill</a>.</p> + +<h2>Feature detection</h2> + + <p>Fetch API support can be detected by checking for <code>Headers</code>,<code>Request</code>, <code>Response</code> or <code>fetch</code> on + the <code>window</code> or <code>worker</code> scope.</p> + +<h2>Simple fetching</h2> + + <p>The most useful, high-level part of the Fetch API is the <code>fetch()</code> function. + In its simplest form it takes a URL and returns a promise that resolves + to the response. The response is captured as a <code>Response</code> object.</p> + <div + class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;">fetch<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"/data.json"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">then</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>res<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// res instanceof Response == true.</span> + <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span>res.<span style="color: #660066;">ok</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + res.<span style="color: #660066;">json</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">then</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>data<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>data.<span style="color: #660066;">entries</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">}</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">else</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Looks like the response wasn't perfect, got status"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> res.<span style="color: #660066;">status</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">}</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>e<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Fetch failed!"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> e<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>Submitting some parameters, it would look like this:</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;">fetch<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"http://www.example.org/submit.php"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + method<span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"POST"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> + headers<span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + <span style="color: #3366CC;">"Content-Type"</span><span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> + body<span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"firstName=Nikhil&favColor=blue&password=easytoguess"</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">then</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>res<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span>res.<span style="color: #660066;">ok</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + alert<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Perfect! Your settings are saved."</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">}</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">else</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">if</span> <span style="color: #009900;">(</span>res.<span style="color: #660066;">status</span> <span style="color: #339933;">==</span> <span style="color: #CC0000;">401</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + alert<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Oops! You are not authorized."</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">}</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>e<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + alert<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Error submitting form!"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>The <code>fetch()</code> function’s arguments are the same as those passed + to the + <br/> +<code>Request()</code> constructor, so you may directly pass arbitrarily + complex requests to <code>fetch()</code> as discussed below.</p> + +<h2>Headers</h2> + + <p>Fetch introduces 3 interfaces. These are <code>Headers</code>, <code>Request</code> and + <br/> +<code>Response</code>. They map directly to the underlying HTTP concepts, + but have + <br/>certain visibility filters in place for privacy and security reasons, + such as + <br/>supporting CORS rules and ensuring cookies aren’t readable by third parties.</p> + <p>The <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#headers-class">Headers interface</a> is + a simple multi-map of names to values:</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> content <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"Hello World"</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> reqHeaders <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> Headers<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +reqHeaders.<span style="color: #660066;">append</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Content-Type"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"text/plain"</span> +reqHeaders.<span style="color: #660066;">append</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Content-Length"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> content.<span style="color: #660066;">length</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">toString</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +reqHeaders.<span style="color: #660066;">append</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"X-Custom-Header"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"ProcessThisImmediately"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>The same can be achieved by passing an array of arrays or a JS object + literal + <br/>to the constructor:</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;">reqHeaders <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> Headers<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + <span style="color: #3366CC;">"Content-Type"</span><span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"text/plain"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> + <span style="color: #3366CC;">"Content-Length"</span><span style="color: #339933;">:</span> content.<span style="color: #660066;">length</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">toString</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> + <span style="color: #3366CC;">"X-Custom-Header"</span><span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"ProcessThisImmediately"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>The contents can be queried and retrieved:</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;">console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>reqHeaders.<span style="color: #660066;">has</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Content-Type"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// true</span> +console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>reqHeaders.<span style="color: #660066;">has</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Set-Cookie"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// false</span> +reqHeaders.<span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">set</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Content-Type"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"text/html"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +reqHeaders.<span style="color: #660066;">append</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"X-Custom-Header"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"AnotherValue"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + +console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>reqHeaders.<span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Content-Length"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// 11</span> +console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>reqHeaders.<span style="color: #660066;">getAll</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"X-Custom-Header"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// ["ProcessThisImmediately", "AnotherValue"]</span> + +reqHeaders.<span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">delete</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"X-Custom-Header"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>reqHeaders.<span style="color: #660066;">getAll</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"X-Custom-Header"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// []</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>Some of these operations are only useful in ServiceWorkers, but they provide + <br/>a much nicer API to Headers.</p> + <p>Since Headers can be sent in requests, or received in responses, and have + various limitations about what information can and should be mutable, <code>Headers</code> objects + have a <strong>guard</strong> property. This is not exposed to the Web, but + it affects which mutation operations are allowed on the Headers object. + <br/>Possible values are:</p> + <ul> + <li>“none”: default.</li> + <li>“request”: guard for a Headers object obtained from a Request (<code>Request.headers</code>).</li> + <li>“request-no-cors”: guard for a Headers object obtained from a Request + created + <br/>with mode “no-cors”.</li> + <li>“response”: naturally, for Headers obtained from Response (<code>Response.headers</code>).</li> + <li>“immutable”: Mostly used for ServiceWorkers, renders a Headers object + <br/>read-only.</li> + </ul> + <p>The details of how each guard affects the behaviors of the Headers object + are + <br/>in the <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org">specification</a>. For example, + you may not append or set a “request” guarded Headers’ “Content-Length” + header. Similarly, inserting “Set-Cookie” into a Response header is not + allowed so that ServiceWorkers may not set cookies via synthesized Responses.</p> + <p>All of the Headers methods throw TypeError if <code>name</code> is not a + <a + href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-header-name">valid HTTP Header name</a>. The mutation operations will throw TypeError + if there is an immutable guard. Otherwise they fail silently. For example:</p> + <div + class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> res <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> Response.<span style="color: #660066;">error</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">try</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + res.<span style="color: #660066;">headers</span>.<span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">set</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Origin"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"http://mybank.com"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">catch</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>e<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Cannot pretend to be a bank!"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + +<h2>Request</h2> + + <p>The Request interface defines a request to fetch a resource over HTTP. + URL, method and headers are expected, but the Request also allows specifying + a body, a request mode, credentials and cache hints.</p> + <p>The simplest Request is of course, just a URL, as you may do to GET a + resource.</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> req <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> Request<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"/index.html"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>req.<span style="color: #660066;">method</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// "GET"</span> +console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>req.<span style="color: #660066;">url</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// "http://example.com/index.html"</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>You may also pass a Request to the <code>Request()</code> constructor to + create a copy. + <br/>(This is not the same as calling the <code>clone()</code> method, which + is covered in + <br/>the “Reading bodies” section.).</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> copy <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> Request<span style="color: #009900;">(</span>req<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>copy.<span style="color: #660066;">method</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// "GET"</span> +console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>copy.<span style="color: #660066;">url</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// "http://example.com/index.html"</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>Again, this form is probably only useful in ServiceWorkers.</p> + <p>The non-URL attributes of the <code>Request</code> can only be set by passing + initial + <br/>values as a second argument to the constructor. This argument is a dictionary.</p> + <div + class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> uploadReq <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> Request<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"/uploadImage"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + method<span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"POST"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> + headers<span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + <span style="color: #3366CC;">"Content-Type"</span><span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"image/png"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> + body<span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"image data"</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>The Request’s mode is used to determine if cross-origin requests lead + to valid responses, and which properties on the response are readable. + Legal mode values are <code>"same-origin"</code>, <code>"no-cors"</code> (default) + and <code>"cors"</code>.</p> + <p>The <code>"same-origin"</code> mode is simple, if a request is made to another + origin with this mode set, the result is simply an error. You could use + this to ensure that + <br/>a request is always being made to your origin.</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> arbitraryUrl <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> document.<span style="color: #660066;">getElementById</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"url-input"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">value</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +fetch<span style="color: #009900;">(</span>arbitraryUrl<span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> mode<span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"same-origin"</span> <span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">then</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>res<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Response succeeded?"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> res.<span style="color: #660066;">ok</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>e<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Please enter a same-origin URL!"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>The <code>"no-cors"</code> mode captures what the web platform does by default + for scripts you import from CDNs, images hosted on other domains, and so + on. First, it prevents the method from being anything other than “HEAD”, + “GET” or “POST”. Second, if any ServiceWorkers intercept these requests, + they may not add or override any headers except for <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#simple-header">these</a>. + Third, JavaScript may not access any properties of the resulting Response. + This ensures that ServiceWorkers do not affect the semantics of the Web + and prevents security and privacy issues that could arise from leaking + data across domains.</p> + <p><code>"cors"</code> mode is what you’ll usually use to make known cross-origin + requests to access various APIs offered by other vendors. These are expected + to adhere to + <br/>the <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Access_control_CORS">CORS protocol</a>. + Only a <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-filtered-response-cors">limited set</a> of + headers is exposed in the Response, but the body is readable. For example, + you could get a list of Flickr’s <a href="https://www.flickr.com/services/api/flickr.interestingness.getList.html">most interesting</a> photos + today like this:</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> u <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> URLSearchParams<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +u.<span style="color: #660066;">append</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">'method'</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">'flickr.interestingness.getList'</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +u.<span style="color: #660066;">append</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">'api_key'</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">'<insert api key here>'</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +u.<span style="color: #660066;">append</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">'format'</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">'json'</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +u.<span style="color: #660066;">append</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">'nojsoncallback'</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">'1'</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + +<span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> apiCall <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> fetch<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">'https://api.flickr.com/services/rest?'</span> <span style="color: #339933;">+</span> u<span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + +apiCall.<span style="color: #660066;">then</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>response<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">return</span> response.<span style="color: #660066;">json</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">then</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>json<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// photo is a list of photos.</span> + <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">return</span> json.<span style="color: #660066;">photos</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">photo</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">then</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>photos<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + photos.<span style="color: #660066;">forEach</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>photo<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>photo.<span style="color: #660066;">title</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>You may not read out the “Date” header since Flickr does not allow it + via + <br/> +<code>Access-Control-Expose-Headers</code>.</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;">response.<span style="color: #660066;">headers</span>.<span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">get</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Date"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// null</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>The <code>credentials</code> enumeration determines if cookies for the other + domain are + <br/>sent to cross-origin requests. This is similar to XHR’s <code>withCredentials</code> + <br/>flag, but tri-valued as <code>"omit"</code> (default), <code>"same-origin"</code> and <code>"include"</code>.</p> + <p>The Request object will also give the ability to offer caching hints to + the user-agent. This is currently undergoing some <a href="https://github.com/slightlyoff/ServiceWorker/issues/585">security review</a>. + Firefox exposes the attribute, but it has no effect.</p> + <p>Requests have two read-only attributes that are relevant to ServiceWorkers + <br/>intercepting them. There is the string <code>referrer</code>, which is + set by the UA to be + <br/>the referrer of the Request. This may be an empty string. The other is + <br/> +<code>context</code> which is a rather <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#requestcredentials">large enumeration</a> defining + what sort of resource is being fetched. This could be “image” if the request + is from an + <img>tag in the controlled document, “worker” if it is an attempt to load a + worker script, and so on. When used with the <code>fetch()</code> function, + it is “fetch”.</p> + +<h2>Response</h2> + + <p><code>Response</code> instances are returned by calls to <code>fetch()</code>. + They can also be created by JS, but this is only useful in ServiceWorkers.</p> + <p>We have already seen some attributes of Response when we looked at <code>fetch()</code>. + The most obvious candidates are <code>status</code>, an integer (default + value 200) and <code>statusText</code> (default value “OK”), which correspond + to the HTTP status code and reason. The <code>ok</code> attribute is just + a shorthand for checking that <code>status</code> is in the range 200-299 + inclusive.</p> + <p><code>headers</code> is the Response’s Headers object, with guard “response”. + The <code>url</code> attribute reflects the URL of the corresponding request.</p> + <p>Response also has a <code>type</code>, which is “basic”, “cors”, “default”, + “error” or + <br/>“opaque”.</p> + <ul> + <li><code>"basic"</code>: normal, same origin response, with all headers exposed + except + <br/>“Set-Cookie” and “Set-Cookie2″.</li> + <li><code>"cors"</code>: response was received from a valid cross-origin request. + <a + href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-filtered-response-cors">Certain headers and the body</a>may be accessed.</li> + <li><code>"error"</code>: network error. No useful information describing + the error is available. The Response’s status is 0, headers are empty and + immutable. This is the type for a Response obtained from <code>Response.error()</code>.</li> + <li><code>"opaque"</code>: response for “no-cors” request to cross-origin + resource. <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-filtered-response-opaque">Severely<br/> + restricted</a> + </li> + </ul> + <p>The “error” type results in the <code>fetch()</code> Promise rejecting with + TypeError.</p> + <p>There are certain attributes that are useful only in a ServiceWorker scope. + The + <br/>idiomatic way to return a Response to an intercepted request in ServiceWorkers + is:</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;">addEventListener<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">'fetch'</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>event<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + event.<span style="color: #660066;">respondWith</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> Response<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Response body"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + headers<span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"Content-Type"</span> <span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"text/plain"</span> <span style="color: #009900;">}</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>As you can see, Response has a two argument constructor, where both arguments + are optional. The first argument is a body initializer, and the second + is a dictionary to set the <code>status</code>, <code>statusText</code> and <code>headers</code>.</p> + <p>The static method <code>Response.error()</code> simply returns an error + response. Similarly, <code>Response.redirect(url, status)</code> returns + a Response resulting in + <br/>a redirect to <code>url</code>.</p> + +<h2>Dealing with bodies</h2> + + <p>Both Requests and Responses may contain body data. We’ve been glossing + over it because of the various data types body may contain, but we will + cover it in detail now.</p> + <p>A body is an instance of any of the following types.</p> + <ul> + <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/ArrayBuffer">ArrayBuffer</a> + </li> + <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/ArrayBufferView">ArrayBufferView</a> (Uint8Array + and friends)</li> + <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Blob">Blob</a>/ + <a + href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/File">File</a> + </li> + <li>string</li> + <li><a href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#interface-urlsearchparams">URLSearchParams</a> + </li> + <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/FormData">FormData</a> – + currently not supported by either Gecko or Blink. Firefox expects to ship + this in version 39 along with the rest of Fetch.</li> + </ul> + <p>In addition, Request and Response both offer the following methods to + extract their body. These all return a Promise that is eventually resolved + with the actual content.</p> + <ul> + <li><code>arrayBuffer()</code> + </li> + <li><code>blob()</code> + </li> + <li><code>json()</code> + </li> + <li><code>text()</code> + </li> + <li><code>formData()</code> + </li> + </ul> + <p>This is a significant improvement over XHR in terms of ease of use of + non-text data!</p> + <p>Request bodies can be set by passing <code>body</code> parameters:</p> + <div + class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> form <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> FormData<span style="color: #009900;">(</span>document.<span style="color: #660066;">getElementById</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">'login-form'</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +fetch<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"/login"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + method<span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"POST"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> + body<span style="color: #339933;">:</span> form +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>Responses take the first argument as the body.</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> res <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> Response<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> File<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">[</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"chunk"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"chunk"</span><span style="color: #009900;">]</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"archive.zip"</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> type<span style="color: #339933;">:</span> <span style="color: #3366CC;">"application/zip"</span> <span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>Both Request and Response (and by extension the <code>fetch()</code> function), + will try to intelligently <a href="https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#concept-bodyinit-extract">determine the content type</a>. + Request will also automatically set a “Content-Type” header if none is + set in the dictionary.</p> + +<h3>Streams and cloning</h3> + + <p>It is important to realise that Request and Response bodies can only be + read once! Both interfaces have a boolean attribute <code>bodyUsed</code> to + determine if it is safe to read or not.</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> res <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> Response<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"one time use"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>res.<span style="color: #660066;">bodyUsed</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// false</span> +res.<span style="color: #660066;">text</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">then</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>v<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>res.<span style="color: #660066;">bodyUsed</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// true</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>res.<span style="color: #660066;">bodyUsed</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// true</span> + +res.<span style="color: #660066;">text</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">catch</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>e<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Tried to read already consumed Response"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + <p>This decision allows easing the transition to an eventual <a href="https://streams.spec.whatwg.org/">stream-based</a> Fetch + API. The intention is to let applications consume data as it arrives, allowing + for JavaScript to deal with larger files like videos, and perform things + like compression and editing on the fly.</p> + <p>Often, you’ll want access to the body multiple times. For example, you + can use the upcoming <a href="http://slightlyoff.github.io/ServiceWorker/spec/service_worker/index.html#cache-objects">Cache API</a> to + store Requests and Responses for offline use, and Cache requires bodies + to be available for reading.</p> + <p>So how do you read out the body multiple times within such constraints? + The API provides a <code>clone()</code> method on the two interfaces. This + will return a clone of the object, with a ‘new’ body. <code>clone()</code> MUST + be called before the body of the corresponding object has been used. That + is, <code>clone()</code> first, read later.</p> + <div class="wp_syntax"> + <table> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td class="code"><pre class="javascript" style="font-family:monospace;">addEventListener<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">'fetch'</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>evt<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> sheep <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">new</span> Response<span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #3366CC;">"Dolly"</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>sheep.<span style="color: #660066;">bodyUsed</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// false</span> + <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">var</span> clone <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> sheep.<span style="color: #660066;">clone</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>clone.<span style="color: #660066;">bodyUsed</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// false</span> + + clone.<span style="color: #660066;">text</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>sheep.<span style="color: #660066;">bodyUsed</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// false</span> + console.<span style="color: #660066;">log</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>clone.<span style="color: #660066;">bodyUsed</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> <span style="color: #006600; font-style: italic;">// true</span> + + evt.<span style="color: #660066;">respondWith</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>cache.<span style="color: #660066;">add</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>sheep.<span style="color: #660066;">clone</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span>.<span style="color: #660066;">then</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span><span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">function</span><span style="color: #009900;">(</span>e<span style="color: #009900;">)</span> <span style="color: #009900;">{</span> + <span style="color: #000066; font-weight: bold;">return</span> sheep<span style="color: #339933;">;</span> + <span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> +<span style="color: #009900;">}</span><span style="color: #009900;">)</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span></pre> + </td> + </tr> + </tbody> + </table> + </div> + +<h2>Future improvements</h2> + + <p>Along with the transition to streams, Fetch will eventually have the ability + to abort running <code>fetch()</code>es and some way to report the progress + of a fetch. These are provided by XHR, but are a little tricky to fit in + the Promise-based nature of the Fetch API.</p> + <p>You can contribute to the evolution of this API by participating in discussions + on the <a href="https://whatwg.org/mailing-list">WHATWG mailing list</a> and + in the issues in the <a href="https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/buglist.cgi?product=WHATWG&component=Fetch&resolution=---">Fetch</a> and + <a + href="https://github.com/slightlyoff/ServiceWorker/issues">ServiceWorker</a>specifications.</p> + <p>For a better web!</p> + <p><em>The author would like to thank Andrea Marchesini, Anne van Kesteren and Ben<br/> +Kelly for helping with the specification and implementation.</em> + </p> + <footer class="entry-meta"> + <p>Posted by <a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/author/nmarathemozilla-com/" + title="Posts by Nikhil Marathe" class="url fn" rel="author">Nikhil Marathe</a> +on + <time + datetime="2015-03-10T08:05:41-07:00">March 10, 2015</time>at + <time datetime="PDT08:05:41-07:00">08:05</time> + </p> + <div class="share"> + <div class="socialshare" data-type="small-bubbles"></div> + </div> + </footer> + </article> + <section id="comments"> + <div id="comment-stream"> + <header class="comments-head"> + <h3>2 comments</h3> + + <p class="open"><a href="#respond">Post a comment</a> + </p> + </header> + <ol id="comment-list" class="hfeed av"> + <li id="comment-17303" class="comment even thread-even depth-1 hentry"> + <p class="entry-title vcard"> <span class="photo"><img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/cc6f7a60f71adaa81b7bc798ebc71be1?s=48&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D48&r=G" class="avatar avatar-48 photo" height="48" width="48"/></span> + <cite + class="author fn">Alexander Petrov</cite> <span class="comment-meta">wrote on <a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2015/03/this-api-is-so-fetching/comment-page-1/#comment-17303" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to this comment by Alexander Petrov"><abbr class="published" title="2015-03-11">March 11th, 2015</abbr> at 02:57</a>:</span> + + </p> + <blockquote class="entry-content"> + <p>how do you abort a fetch?</p> + </blockquote> + <p class="comment-util"><a class="comment-reply-link" href="/2015/03/this-api-is-so-fetching/?replytocom=17303#respond" + onclick="return addComment.moveForm( "comment-17303", "17303", "respond", "28260" )" + aria-label="Reply to Alexander Petrov">Reply</a> + </p> + <ol class="children"> + <li id="comment-17305" class="comment byuser comment-author-nmarathemozilla-com bypostauthor odd alt depth-2 hentry"> + <p class="entry-title vcard"> <a href="http://blog.nikhilism.com" class="url" rel="nofollow external" + title="http://blog.nikhilism.com"> + <span class="photo"><img alt="" src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/098bc26c1d2d2b425b258cff67044ac1?s=48&d=https%3A%2F%2Fsecure.gravatar.com%2Favatar%2Fad516503a11cd5ca435acc9bb6523536%3Fs%3D48&r=G" class="avatar avatar-48 photo" height="48" width="48"/></span> <cite class="author fn">Nikhil Marathe</cite> + </a> + <span class="comment-meta">wrote on <a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2015/03/this-api-is-so-fetching/comment-page-1/#comment-17305" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent link to this comment by Nikhil Marathe"><abbr class="published" title="2015-03-11">March 11th, 2015</abbr> at 08:00</a>:</span> + + </p> + <blockquote class="entry-content"> + <p>At this point there is no way to do so. As mentioned in the future improvements + sections, there are ongoing attempts to find a nice way to plug abort() + into Promise based APIs.</p> + </blockquote> + <p class="comment-util"><a class="comment-reply-link" href="/2015/03/this-api-is-so-fetching/?replytocom=17305#respond" + onclick="return addComment.moveForm( "comment-17305", "17305", "respond", "28260" )" + aria-label="Reply to Nikhil Marathe">Reply</a> + </p> + </li> + <!-- #comment-## --> + </ol> + <!-- .children --> + </li> + <!-- #comment-## --> + </ol> + </div> + <div id="respond"> + <form id="comment-form" action="https://hacks.mozilla.org/wp-comments-post.php" + method="post"> + <fieldset> + <legend><span>Post Your Comment</span> + </legend> + <p id="cancel-comment-reply"><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/2015/03/this-api-is-so-fetching/#respond" + style="display:none;">Cancel Reply</a> + </p> + <ol> + <li id="cmt-name"> + <label for="author">Your name <abbr title="(required)">*</abbr> + </label> + <input type="text" name="author" id="author" size="25" required="" aria-required="true"/> + </li> + <li id="cmt-email"> + <label for="email">Your e-mail <abbr title="(required)">*</abbr> + </label> + <input type="email" name="email" id="email" size="25" required="" aria-required="true"/> + </li> + <li id="cmt-web"> + <label for="url">Your website</label> + <input type="url" name="url" id="url" size="25"/> + </li> + <li id="cmt-ackbar"> + <label for="age">Spam robots, please fill in this field. 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